What is a Distribution Board?

Distribution boards, also known as consumer units, are essential components of an electrical supply system. They split the incoming electrical power feed into multiple secondary circuits, allowing for precise power supply control to different areas. These boards also isolate circuits during abnormal conditions, ensuring safe maintenance and operation (Electrical Safety First).

Types of Distribution Boards

Different projects require different types and sizes of distribution boards to meet specific needs. Here's a detailed look at the main types:

Consumer Units

Consumer units are essential for residential and smaller commercial applications. Featuring main switches and RCBOs (Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overcurrent Protection), these units offer reliable protection and isolation for each circuit. They are designed to safeguard against electrical faults such as overcurrent and short circuits, making them a popular choice for ensuring electrical safety. Want to learn more about consumer units? What this helpful guide to get you started

Dual RCD Consumer Units

These units provide enhanced safety by including two RCD breakers (Residual Current Devices). This configuration effectively protects against electrical fires, overheating, and accidental contact with live wires (IET). Dual RCD consumer units are particularly suitable for environments where additional safety measures are crucial, such as homes and office buildings.

High-Integrity Consumer Units

Ideal for larger buildings with complex electrical systems, high-integrity consumer units combine dual RCD protection with additional RCBOs. This setup allows for flexible configuration and enhanced protection for multiple sub-circuits. These units are perfect for commercial properties and larger residential buildings that require robust and customisable electrical distribution solutions.

Three-phase Distribution Boards

Suitable for both commercial and home applications, these boards offer up to 24-way circuit protection. Three-phase Distribution Boards are designed to handle higher power loads, making them ideal for industrial environments like warehouses and factories. They can be installed internally and externally, providing versatility for various project requirements. Additionally, these boards often include components like TP&N isolators and busbars, ensuring efficient and safe power distribution.

Selecting the right type of distribution board is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of your electrical system. Whether you need a consumer unit for a small installation or a high-capacity three-phase distribution board for a larger project, understanding the specific features and benefits of each type can help you make an informed decision.

Three Phase and Neutral (TP&N) Distribution Boards Explained

TP&N Distribution Boards function similarly to single-phase boards, splitting the power feed into subsidiary circuits while providing the necessary protection. They are designed for commercial environments like warehouses, factories, and other buildings requiring three-phase power. At Meteor Electrical, our range of TP&N distribution boards and accessories offer flexibility, allowing electricians to design efficient distribution systems within compact enclosures.

Components of Three-Phase Distribution Boards

1. Main Current Breaker/Main Switch: Limits the amount of electricity within the building, ensuring controlled power distribution and protecting against electrical hazards.

2. Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB): MBCs protect circuits from overcurrent, overload, or short circuits by isolating them during abnormal conditions.

3. Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overload Protection (RCBO): Combines RCD and MCB functions, providing comprehensive protection against earth fault currents, overloads, and short circuits.

4. Isolators: Manually controlled devices that isolate parts of the circuit for safe maintenance

5. Bus Bars: Metallic strips that transfer power from the meter to the circuits, simplifying power distribution and reducing costs

Choosing the Correct Three-Phase Distribution Board

Selecting the right TP&N (Three-phase and Neutral) distribution board is crucial for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and reliability of your electrical system. The correct choice depends on your specific project requirements, including the type of building, the electrical load, and the installation environment.

At Meteor Electrical, our Garo three-phase distribution boards are a popular choice for several compelling reasons:

1. Modern Design: Our distribution boards feature a sleek and contemporary design that seamlessly integrates into any commercial or residential setting. The modern finish with epoxy powder paint ensures durability and an appealing look.

2. Compliance with Standards: All our three-phase distribution boards comply with the BS EN 61439-3 standards, ensuring they meet the highest safety and performance criteria (BSI). This compliance is crucial for protecting your electrical systems and adhering to regulatory requirements.

3. High Loading Capacity: With a maximum loading current of up to 125A, our distribution boards are designed to handle significant electrical loads, making them ideal for industrial applications such as factories, warehouses, and large commercial buildings.

4. Easy Installation: Our boards are designed for quick and easy installation, featuring keyhole fixings, removable gland plates, and fully enclosed busbar systems. This makes the installation process straightforward and efficient, saving time and reducing labour costs.

5. Enhanced Features: The Garo three-phase distribution boards include several advanced features such as:

• Fully Enclosed Busbar System: Provides additional safety by preventing accidental contact with live parts.

• Removable Gland Plates: Simplifies cable entry and ensures a secure and tidy installation.

• Quick Installation: Equipped with earth and neutral terminals for easy and fast wiring.

6. Versatility: Suitable for both internal and external installations, our distribution boards offer versatility for various project requirements. Whether you need a solution for an outdoor industrial environment or an indoor commercial space, these boards can meet your needs.

When choosing a three-phase distribution board, consider the specific requirements of your project, including the type of electrical loads, the installation environment, and the level of protection needed. By selecting a high-quality, compliant distribution board like those offered by Meteor Electrical, you can ensure the safety and efficiency of your electrical system.

Wiring of a 3-Phase Distribution Board

Wiring a three-phase distribution board can be a complex yet crucial task in ensuring the safe and efficient distribution of electrical power. The process involves integrating various components to manage and distribute electricity to numerous connected appliances. Here’s a deeper look into the wiring process and key components involved:

Key Components:

1. Double Pole MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker): This component provides protection by interrupting the power supply in case of overload or short circuit conditions. Double Pole MCBs control and protect two poles simultaneously, ensuring comprehensive safety.

2. RCD (Residual Current Device): An RCD is essential for protecting against electric shock by detecting earth faults and disconnecting the circuit when a dangerous fault is detected. It adds an extra layer of safety by preventing potential electrical hazards.

3. Single Pole MCB: These MCBs protect individual circuits from overcurrent and short circuits. They are crucial for isolating faults and ensuring that only the affected circuit is disconnected, minimising disruption to the overall electrical system.

Wiring Process:

Wiring a three-phase distribution board requires careful planning and precision (Electrical Technology). Here’s a general overview of the steps involved:

1. Planning and Safety: Before beginning, ensure that the power supply is turned off and all safety precautions are in place. Proper planning includes understanding the load requirements and distribution of power to various appliances.

2. Mounting the Board: Securely mount the distribution board in the desired location. Ensure it is easily accessible for maintenance and inspection.

3. Connecting the Main Power Supply: Connect the incoming three-phase power supply to the main terminals of the distribution board. This includes connecting the live wires (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral wire to the appropriate terminals.

4. Installing MCBs and RCDs: Install the Double-Pole MCB, RCD, and Single-Pole MCBs in their designated slots. Ensure that each component is properly secured and connected to the correct circuits.

5. Wiring to Sub-Circuits: Run the wiring from the MCBs and RCDs to the various sub-circuits that supply power to different areas and appliances. This involves using appropriately rated cables and ensuring secure and proper connections.

6. Testing and Verification: After completing the wiring, conduct thorough testing to ensure all connections are secure and the system operates correctly. Simulate fault conditions to verify that the protective devices function as intended.

Understanding the Need for Three-Phase Power:

Three-phase power is essential for high-demand environments where single-phase power supply is insufficient. It provides a more stable and efficient power supply, especially for heavy machinery and large electrical loads. The video below illustrates the layout of a three-phase distribution board, wiring diagrams, and scenarios where three-phase power is necessary.

In the video, you’ll learn about:

• Layout and Wiring Diagram: A visual guide to the layout of a three-phase distribution board and step-by-step wiring instructions.

• When to Use Three-Phase Power: Insights into situations where three-phase power is required, highlighting its advantages over single-phase power supply.

Watch the Video

Credit: SL Engineering Academy

By following these guidelines and understanding the components and processes involved, you can ensure a safe and efficient wiring setup for your three-phase distribution board. Proper wiring is critical for the reliable operation of your electrical system, preventing potential hazards and ensuring consistent power distribution.

Ready to enhance your electrical system with a high-quality Three Phase Distribution Board? Visit Meteor Electrical today to explore our wide range of Garo three-phase distribution boards, RCBOs, MCBs, and accessories. For more information or to get personalised assistance, email us at [email protected] or chat with our friendly advisors on our website. Let's power your projects with safety and efficiency!

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Q: What is the difference between Type A and Type B Distribution Boards? 

Type A distribution boards have a busbar layout designed to accept single—and/or double-pole OCPDs (Overcurrent Protection Devices), typically with a horizontal busbar. Type B distribution boards are configured to accept multi-pole and/or single-pole OCPDs.

Q: Does a 3-phase system need a Neutral?

Yes, a neutral wire allows a three-phase distribution board to operate at a greater voltage while still supporting single-phase appliances that require lower voltage. In high-voltage distribution, a neutral line is not typically needed, as loads can be linked between phases.

Q: What is Phase 3 Electricity?

So what is phase 3 electricity? Phase 3 electricity, or three-phase power, uses three alternating currents to deliver electricity efficiently. It involves three conductors labelled L1, L2, and L3, which provide a continuous and balanced power flow.

Q: How does Phase 3 electricity differ from single-phase electricity?

Phase 3 electricity uses three conductors to carry electric current, offering more power and efficiency for handling heavy loads compared to single-phase systems, which use only one conductor.

Q: Where is Phase 3 electricity commonly used?

It is commonly used in industrial settings, manufacturing plants, commercial facilities, and large-scale operations where high energy demands are present. It powers equipment like motors, pumps, compressors, and industrial machinery.

Q: What are the benefits of Phase 3 electricity?

The benefits include higher power capacity, balanced load distribution, smoother equipment operation, reduced power fluctuations, and improved efficiency, making it ideal for applications requiring reliable and efficient power transmission.

Q: How is Phase 3 electricity installed and maintained?

Proper installation includes ensuring balanced loads across all phases, adequate insulation, and using protection devices to prevent electrical faults and hazards. Regular inspections and maintenance ensure the reliability and safety of the electrical system.

For more detailed information, visit our website or contact our expert team at Meteor Electrical. 

At Meteor Electrical, we stock a wide variety of high quality distribution supplies such as three phase RCBOs, RCDs, consumer units, metal and plastic enclosures, and more. Our products are sourced from only the most reputable and highly rated manufacturers around the world. Browse our selection here.